黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程洞群施工测量     

邬炳君 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(5):62-63

小浪底水利枢纽工程洞群部分包括导流洞、明流洞、排沙洞、发电洞、孔板洞、灌溉洞等各种隧洞108条。洞群施工控制网是在小浪底GPS首级控制网的基础上布设的，为便于施工和快速放样，首先建立以每条遂洞轴线为北方向的坐标系，并将隧洞原设计采用的国家大地坐标转换为每条隧洞的施工坐标。在开挖测量中，用全站仪配合CASIO fx-4800机算器，计算超欠挖及隧洞拱顶变形值。为保证隧洞施工与设计一致，在断面测量中还使用了瑞士徕卡公司新生产的AMT3000激光无棱镜断面仪，大幅度提高了工作效率：  相似文献   

福建宁化湖村盆地构造解析及其地质意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈爱根  吴正文 《地质论评》1996,42(3):193-199

湖村盆地位于闽西宁化县境内，是闽西北地区变质岩系之上，几个零星出露上古生界的和下三叠统地区之一。本文运用平衡剖面的基本原理及构造解析方法，论证了湖村盆地既不是闽西北隆起之上的断陷盆地，也不是简单的“构造窗”而是在早三叠世末－中株罗世，闽西地区自北西向南发生叠瓦式逆冲推覆作用而形成的残存构造盆地。  相似文献   

Vector-scattering of elastic waves by directional structural space gradients     

Ari Ben-Menahem 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,128(1-2):133-146

A nonstochastic and noniterative theory of vector scattering in inhomogeneous media is presented. The elastodynamic vector wave-equation for 3D inhomogeneous media is solved for a weak heterogeneity at the high-frequency region. It is shown that there exists a forward scattered field which decays slowly along the source-receiver path. Its rate of attenuation depends on the azimuth of the path relative to the direction of the inhomogeneity, but is independent of frequency. The Green's tensor for the above regime is derived in closed form and leads to the quantification of fields of dipolar sources in weak inhomogeneous media. The inhomogeneity at the source creates a source-induced scattering (in addition to path-scattering) having a radiation-pattern that bears the signature of the source. The availability of the analytic Green's tensor, in conjunction with the Huygens-Kirchhoff-Helmholtz formalism, opens new ways to calculate the scattered fields due to various structural inhomogeneities applicable to exploration and earthquake seismology. The theoretical results of this study point to the conclusion that the scalar wave approximation may not always be valid for the propagation of seismic waves in the earth's lithosphere.  相似文献   

综合利用测井曲线研究沉积特征及绘制小层岩相图     

Ma Zheng 《地球科学》1986,(3)

油水流动的基本单元是单砂层,而单砂层的分布取决于沉积环境,因此合理开发油气田,必须研究小层沉积相。其研究步骤:①从岩芯井着手,观察岩性、韵律、粒序、沉积构造、粒度分布特征和古生物相等,综合判定亚相;②建立小层各亚相的组合测井曲线标准图版,将各井的组合测井曲线与其对比、定相;③绘制小层岩相剖面图、等厚图及平面相带分布图;④分析图件,对沉积环境演化进行探讨。  相似文献   

Stratigraphic filtering of seismic waves: The influence of mode conversion multiples onP-wave andS-wave phase and attenuation     

I. Lerche 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1987,125(5):717-751

We demonstrate how multiples, generated at the interfaces of plane parallel beds, modify the propagation characteristics of an originally coherent seismic wave. For waves propagating at an angle to the bedding plane we find that theSV andP-waves couple so that neither is a pure mode. TheSH-wave, while modified in its propagation characteristics by multiples, remains a pure mode. The coupling ofSV-multiples into the quasi-P-mode appears weaker than the coupling ofP-wave multiples into the quasi-SV mode; at least this is so for the two simple cases of (a) density fluctuations only and (b) correlatedV _p andV _s fluctuations which conserve Poisson's ratio.We also find that the coupling is sensitive to both the angle of propagation and frequency. In addition there is a cut-off angle forP-wave multiples influencing the quasi-SV mode. Propagation angles larger than the cut-off permit theP-multiples to modify the phase of the quasi-SV mode, but not its effective attenuation. No such cut-off effect is found for SV-multiples influencing the quasi-P mode, whose angle-dependent and frequency-dependent phase distortion and effective attenuation are influenced both byP-wave multiples andSV-multiples.In view of the mathematical complexity of the expressions describing the phase, and effective attenuation of modes when allowance is made forP-andS-wave multiples, we strongly advocate numerical coding of the major mathematical formulae. By so doing a systematic study can be undertaken of the frequency and offset dependence of seismic waves as a function of seismic source input and power spectral behavior of the fluctuations in density and elastic constants of beds. It is our opinion that the full mathematical expressions are too involved to permit an analytic, systematic investigation to be given of the phase and attenuation of seismic waves with any degree of sophistication or generality.  相似文献   

Rms–flux relation of Cyg X-1 with RXTE: dipping and nondipping cases     

Ya-Juan Lei  Li-Ming Song  Jin-Lu Qu  Cheng-Min Zhang 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,310(3-4):307-315

The rms (root mean square) variability is the parameter for understanding the emission temporal properties of X-ray binaries (XRBs) and active galactic nuclei (AGN). The rms–flux relation with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) data for the dips and nondip of black hole Cyg X-1 has been investigated in this paper. Our results show that there exist the linear rms–flux relations in the frequency range 0.1–10 Hz for the dipping light curve. Moreover, this linear relation still remains during the nondip regime, but with the steeper slope than that of the dipping case in the low energy band. For the high energy band, the slopes of the dipping and nondipping cases are hardly constant within errors. The explanations of the results have been made by means of the “Propagating Perturbation” model of Lyubarskii (Lyubarskii, Y.E., Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 292, 679–685 (1997)).  相似文献   

滇西纵向岭谷区河谷形态特征、发育规律及成因     

闵石头  王随继 《山地学报》2007,25(5):524-533

为了揭示滇西纵向岭谷区河谷形态特征及其发育规律,采用1∶5万DEM图件,利用ARCG IS软件提取研究区41个河谷断面的有关基础数据,据此计算了河谷横断面的宽深比、半高宽深比、断面面积、凹度、不对称系数及河谷纵剖面特征的指标。结果表明,纵向岭谷区北部河谷横断面的宽深比很小,其宽深比在4~16间,但沿流向往南有明显增大的趋势,最大达到24。这是由于北部的构造抬升作用强从而引起该区更强列的河流下蚀作用的结果。河谷横断面的凹度显示大多数河谷属于"V"型谷,表明研究区的河流仍然以下切过程为主。谷宽不对称系数及谷面不对称系数揭示了研究区河谷横断面主要是左倾型河谷,即河谷断面上河道左部谷坡较缓,这是强势西南季风在河流左岸迎风坡形成强降水带和在河流右岸背风坡形成弱降水带的雨水差异侵蚀引起的。河谷纵剖面具有明显的下凹特性,凹度在1.40~1.65间。河道比降具有沿程变小的趋势,并遵循指数衰减关系,平均比降在1.22‰~1.85‰间。在纵向岭谷区北部,响应构造抬升作用的西强东弱的现状,河流主河道的比降具有从西向东变小的趋势。  相似文献   

晚新生代以来天山南、北麓冲断作用的定量分析   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

管树巍李本亮  何登发汪新 John Suppe 雷刚林 《地质学报》2007,81(6):725-744

利用地表地质、二维地震和钻、测井资料建立了两条横穿天山南、北麓库车河地区和金钩河—安集海河地区的构造剖面,从几何学和运动学的角度探讨新生代以来不同序次台阶状逆断层及其相关褶皱的叠加过程、以及叠加过程中断层形态、褶皱形态与位移量之间的定量关系。生长地层和生长不整合分析表明,上新世早期(4.2～5Ma)可能是天山南、北麓新生代冲断褶皱的主要形成期,发育自天山内部的台阶状逆断层在向两侧沉积盆地扩展过程中形成多个滑脱面和断坡,断层位移在断坡位置引发褶皱变形,从而形成南北方向背斜带成排分布的构造格局。在天山南麓库车河剖面中,控制库车地区构造变形的三条台阶状逆断层位移量分别为5.7km、6.3km和18km,它们的活动时代由老到新,而位移量却逐渐增大,反映新生代以来天山南麓的冲断作用可能存在一个加速的过程。按上述数值计算,渐新世(23Ma)以来的缩短速率为1.3mm/a,上新世(5.2±0.2Ma)以来的缩短速率为3.6mm/a。在天山北麓金钩河—安集海河剖面中,山前深部楔形体内的断层位移量为16.9km,但只有6km的位移量沿中上侏罗统西山窑组煤层内的滑脱面向北传递至第二排背斜带,而至第三排背斜带,位移量已递减为0.22～0.29km。以上新世早期(4.2～5Ma)作为构造活动时间,计算出该剖面上、下构造层上新世以来的缩短速率为2.6～3.1mm/a和3.8～4.5mm/a,其中下构造层内的山前深部楔形体、霍尔果斯深层背斜和安集海背斜的缩短速率分别为3.9～4.6mm/a、1.2～1.4mm/a和0.04～0.38mm/a,这说明由于断层位移量在向北传递过程中不断被褶皱作用吸收或沿反冲断层向南消减,各排背斜带的变形强度由南向北依次减弱。  相似文献   

关于编制盆地构造演化剖面的几个问题的讨论   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

漆家福  杨桥等 《地质论评》2001,47(4):388-392

本文根据平衡剖面原理,从构造地质学基本原理出发,讨论了采用“地层回剥”方法编制构造演化剖面时遇到的影响古构造复原的若干问题,强调建立平衡地质剖面和利用平衡剖面技术编制盆地构造演化剖面时,“地质概念上”的平衡和地质逻辑上的合理比纯粹的“几何学上”的平衡更重要。  相似文献   

平衡剖面技术中Suppe模型的求解及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何维刚  王权锋  孙继军  周思华 《物探化探计算技术》2005,27(4):348-350

平衡剖面技术是根据几何守恒原理所确立的地质剖面正、反演方法,它是构造变形恢复的重要手段。通过对Suppe模型的求解讨论,给出了其数值解的实现方法,并给出了应用实例。  相似文献